Ki Nongrep Ka Ri Pyrshah Ïaki Lai Tylli Ki Aiñ Bathymmai

D R Michael BuamDecember 24, 2020

Ha u Nailur 2020, ka sorkar pdeng ka ri India ka la pynmih ïa lai tylli ki aiñ kaba ka kam ba kin pynbha bad kyntiew ïa ki nongrep bad ka kam rep ha ka ri. Hynrei ki nongrep ka ri pat kim sngew ïadei jingmut bad kine ki aiñ bad ki kyndon jong ki. Kumta ki la mih paidbah ban pyrshah ïa kine ki aiñ. Ki la ïeng pyrshah wat ha ka por ba ka sorkar pdeng ka la pynmih ïa ki aiñ ba shipor (ordinance) ha u Nailar 2020. Mynta, ka jingïakhih ki nongrep ka la palat ïa ka lai bnai bad ka dang ïai bteng bad ka nang heh shuh shuh.

Haduh mynta ka tarik, ki lad pathai khubor ki ïathuh ba la don kumba 42 ngut ki nongrep kiba la don bynta ha kane ka jingïakhih ha sawdong u pud jong ka nongbah Delhi ki la duh noh ïa la ka jingim na ka daw ka jingkhriat palat ka mariang. Don kiba la shim noh ïa la ka jingim lajong ha ka jingïaleh ban pynsngap ïa ka jingud ki nongrep ha ki shkor u Myntri Rangbah-duh ka ri bad ki myntri jong u. Uwei u lyngdoh Sikh, u Sant Baba Ram Singh, uba na ka jylla Haryana u la siat-ïap ïalade ha Singhur kaba ha khap-pud Delhi ha ka 16 tarik u Nohprah 2020. Ha ka jingthoh jong u ha ka sla kot, u ïathuh ba u sngewsih palat ban ïohi ïa ka jingsohsat ki nongrep bad ka jingbymsuidñiew bad ka jingban beiñ ka sorkar ïa ki nongrep. Kumta u shim noh ïa la ka jingim khang ban pynkyndit bynriew ïa ka sorkar bad ki nongïalam jong ka.

U Myntri Rangbah-duh ka ri bad ki kynhun myntri jong u ki ïai ban ba ki nongrep ki la shah ïalam bakla. Hynrei, bun na kine ki nongrep, khamtam kiba na Punjab bad Haryana ki dei kiba don ka stad ka tip bad kiba don ka kyrdan pule kaba kham shaneng bad bun napdeng kine ki nongrep ki dei ki shipai jong ka ri kiba la shongthait na ka kam shipai. Ki nongrep pat ki kynnoh ba u Myntri Rangbah duh ka ri u shah ïalam ha ki heh saipan heh spah kum u Mukesh Ambani bad u Gautam Adani. Haba kumta, mano ba shah ïalam bakla?

Ki lai tylli ki aiñ ba ka sorkar pdeng ka la thaw bad pynkylla dang shen ki long kine:

1. Farmers’ Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act: Kane ka aiñ ka ailad ïa ki nongrep ban die ïa ki mar-rep jong ki ha kano kano ka ïew ne ka jaka. Ka plié ruh ïa ka lad ban khaïi-pateng ïa ki mar-rep lyngba ka electronic trading bad e-commerce ïa ki katto katne ki jait mar-rep.
2. Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act: Kane ka aiñ ka thaw ïa ka shynrong ha kaba ki nongrep ki lah ban don ka jingïateh bad ki company, ki nongkhaïi ne ki nongthied da kaba soi ïa ka dostabit ha shuwa ban sdang ka aïom rep (kaba ki khot ka contract farming). Ha kane ka dostabit kin don ki jingïakut hapdeng u nongrep ne u nongri-jingri bad u nongthied shaphang ka dor ka mur ki mar rep ne ki jingri bad kiwei de ki jingïakut. Ban pynbeit bad bishar ïa kano kano ka jingïakajia hapdeng u nongrep bad u nongthied, kane ka aiñ ka buh ïa lai tylli ki kyrdan bishar – ka Conciliation board, Sub-Divisional Magistrate, bad ka Appellate Authority.
3. Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act 2020: Kane ka aiñ ka shah ïa ka sorkar pdeng ban shimkabu ïa ka dor bad ban buh pud ïa ka jinglum jong ki marbam bad ki mar kiba long kiba donkam eh ïa ka jingim ba man ka sngi u nongshong-shnong. Lyngba kane ka aiñ, ka sorkar ka lah ban kynthup ne ban weng noh na ka thup ïa kino kino ki marbam bad kiwei ki mar na ka thup Essential Commodities.

Kane ka jingthoh kan ym ngam jylliew halor kine ki aiñ, hynrei kan pyrshang ban sngewthuh balei bun ki nongrep ki pyrshah ïa kine ki aiñ. Ka ri jong ngi ka la ïohi ïa bun tylli ki jingïakhih jong ka ki nongrep ha jan baroh ki jylla jong ka ri ha kine ki snem ba la leit. Ka sorkar ba mynta bad kiba ha shuwa ki la pynlait bun tylli ki skhim na ka bynta ban kyntiew ïa ka kam rep bad ki nongrep. Hynrei wat lada ka ri ka la long kaba la jan dap la biang ha ki mar rep, ka ïoh ka kot jong ki nongrep, khamtam ki nongrep barit baria, ka dang long kaba dang duna shibun. Ki don bun ki daw kaba pynlong ïa kane, bad bun ki nongwadbniah ki la ai ïa la ki kaiphod ryngkat bad ki jingkyntu ha ki bor sorkar. Hapdeng ki snem 2004 bad 2006, san tylli na kine ki kaiphod ki dei kiba la pynkhreh hapoh ka jingïalan jong u Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, ïa uba la sien kum u kpa jong ka Green Revolution ha ri India. Hynrei haduh mynta, ka sorkar kam pat pyntreikam lut ïa ki jingai jingmut jong kine ki kaiphod.

Ha kine ki san snem ba la leit, katkum ka jingtip ba la lum da ka National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) ka ri, kumba 1,39,123 ngut ki nongrep ki la pynïap ïalade (suicide). Ki daw ba kongsan ïa kine ki nongrep bad shim noh ïa la ka jingim lajong ki dei ka jingsahram bad ka jingduna ka jingmih na ka kam rep. Ki jylla ha kiba bun tam ki nongrep kiba shim noh ïa ka jingim lajong dei ka Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar bad Uttar Pradesh. Tang ha u snem 2019, ka NCRB ka pynpaw ba kumba 42,563 ngut ki nongrep bad nongbylla sngi ki la pyndkut ïa la ka jingim lajong. Ka jingkiew ha ka jingshimnoh ïa ka jingim lajong hapdeng ki nongrep ka dei ban pynkyndit ïa ki bor sorkar. Ngi dei ban kynmaw ba ki nongrep ka ri ki dei ki nongbsa jong ka. Namarkata, ki ri kiba kham shai ki ïai ïaleh ban thaw lad ban ïarap bad kynpham ïa ki nongrep jong ki.

Kine ki aiñ bathymmai kin ktah ruh ïa ka jingtreikam ka skhim Public Distribution System (PDS). Ngi tip ba kumba ar-bynta na ka lai bynta ki nongshongshnong jong ka ri India ki shaniah bad pyndonkam ïa kane ka skhim PDS. Kane ka mut ba kumba 900 million ngut ki briew jong ka ri ki pyndonkam ïa ki Ration Card ban ïoh ïa u khaw, shini, ka umphniang bad kiwei de ki jingdonkam ha ïing ha ka dor ba la pynduna khnang na ka dor ïew (subsidised rates). Namarkata, kano kano ka aiñ kaba ktah ïa kane ka skhim kan don ki jingktah kiba shyrkhei. Kum ban ïathuh, la pyndonkam nyngkong ïa ka PDS ha ki snem jong ka thma bah ba-ar kum ka lad ban kabu ïa ka mabam mardih khnang ban lait na ka jingkyrduh bam ki nongshong shnong. Dei ha ki snem 1970 shaneng ba ka sorkar India ka la mang ïa ka PDS kum ka skhim ban sam marbam ha ka dor kaba duna na ka dor ïew sha ki baduk bad kiba duna ka kamai. Bad ha u snem 1997 ka sorkar ka la pynkylla ïa kane ka skhim sha ka Targeted Public Distribution System (TDPS) ban sam marbam bad ka umphniang khamtam sha ki baduk. Nalor kane ka skhim PDS, ki nongshongshnong ki ïoh jingmyntoi haba ka sorkar pdeng ne ka sorkar jylla ka kabu ïa ka dor ki mar ki mata kiba ngi pyndonkam man ka sngi (essential items).

Ka sorkar India ha kaba mynshuwa ka la seng ïa ka Agriculture Prices Commission (APC) bad ka Food Corporation of India (FCI) ban thied ïa ki marbam bad ban lum ïa ki ha ki godown jong ka. Shuwa ban sdang ka aïom rep, ka sorkar ka buh lypa ïa ka Minimum Support Price (MSP) lane ka dor kaba ym duna ha kaba kan thied ïa ki jait la ki jait marbam bad ki umphniang. Ha ki snem kaba sdang ïa kane ka skhim, ka sorkar ka la mang lypa tang ïa ka dor jong u khaw bad u kew. Hadien pat ka la kynthup lang ïa bun ki jingthung, ki jhur, ki kynja dai bad ki umphniang bam. Ka sorkar ka thied ïa kine ki marbam na ki nongrep katkum ka dor MSP ba ka la buh lypa bad ka lum ïa ki ha ki godown. U nongrep u lah ban die ïa ki mar jong u kat shaba u mon bad kane ka MSP ka long kum ka dor tynrai ha kaba u lah ban die ïa ki. Ka jingdon ka MSP ka ïada ïa u nongrep na ka jingduh nong bad u lah ban die ïa ki mar palat ïa ka dor MSP ruh sha ki nongkhaïi. Hynrei bunsien hi, u nongrep u shah khñiot beit ha ki bor jong ka ïew haduh ba ki nongrep bad ki nongri jingri ki bret ïa la ki mar rep jong ki sha surok kum ka dak ka jingpyrshah.

Shibynta na kine ki marbam bad ki umphniang ba ka sorkar ka la thied na ki nongrep, ka sam ïa ki lyngba ka PDS bad kiwei pat ki skhim bapher bapher. Bad sa kawei ka bynta jong kine ki marbam pat ka sorkar ka buh tyngkai ïa ki kum ka “buffer stock”. Ka jingdon kane ka buffer stock ka long kaba kongsan bha ha ki ar bynta. Kawei, la buh tyngkai kyrpang ïa kane ka buffer stock khnang ba ka ri kan ym kyrduh marbam lada jia ba lynshop ka khlam ne don ka jingpynjulor ka mariang lane lada don ka jingïaleh thma. Kaba ar pat, ka jingdon kane ka buffer stock ka long ka lad ban kabu ïa ka dor ki marbam ha ki ïew. Lada jia ba ka dor-ïew jong kano kano ka marbam ka kiew, ka sorkar ka pyllait ïa katto katne ka bynta jong kane ka marbam na ka buffer stock ban pyndap ïa ki ïew bad ban pynhiar biang ïa ka dor-ïew jong ka. Kane ka khanglad ruh ïa ki riewshimkabu bad kiba khwan lalot ban lum jymma (hoard) ïa ki marbam da ka jingmut ban pynheh ïa ka dor jong ki. Namar, haba ki nongkhaïi ki tip ba ka sorkar ka lah ban pyndap ïa ki ïew ban kabu ïa ka dor jong ki marbam, kin ym sngew myntoi ban jymma ïa kano kano ka marbam. Kumta ka jingkhaïi mar black ruh kan duna.

Nalor ka PDS, ka sorkar India ka la thaw ruh ïa ka aiñ Essential Commodities Act (ECA) ha u snem 1955 bad ka la pynkylla ïa kane ka aiñ mynta u snem 2020 da kaba pynmih ïa ka Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act 2020. Ki nongrep ka ri kim sngew ïadei jingmut bad ka jingpynkylla ka sorkar ïa kane ka aiñ. Ka jingthmu jong kane ka ECA ka dei ban pynthikna ba ki paidbah nongshongshnong ki ïoh ïa ki mar kiba ka sorkar ka la buh hapoh ka thup kaba ka khot ki Essential Commodities lane ki mar badonkam eh, ha ka dor kaba bit ba biang. Kine ki mar ki kynthup ïa ki marbam, ki umphniang bam bad umphniang kali motor, ki dawai dashin bad kiwei kiwei pat ki mar ba donkam eh ha ka jingim ki nongshong shnong. Ka jingkylla ba kane ka sorkar ka la wanrah ha ka ECA (Amendment) Act 2020 ka don ka jingthmu ban weng noh na ka thup ki Essential Commodities kum ïa u phan, u piat, kiwei pat ki kynja soh-kew bad soh-kba, ki kynja dai, ki umphniang bam bad ki symbai ba pynmih umphniang. Kane ka mut ba ka sorkar kam lah shuh ban kabu ïa ka dor jong kine ki marbam ha ïew bad ki riewkhaïi bad ki company ki lah ban buh dor katba mon. Kane kan plié lad ïa ki riew shim kabu ban leh katba mon ban pynkiew ïa ka dor jong kine ki mar bad haba kan long kumta, kan ktah jur ym tang ïa ki nongthied hynrei wat ïa ki nongrep ruh.

Haba ngi phai biang sha ka MSP (kaba ka sorkar mynta ka kam ba ban pynneh), kane ka treikam lyngba ki Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) jong ki jylla ka ri. Ka jylla jong ngi ka don tang ar tylli ki APMC – kawei ha Shillong (Mawïong) bad kawei ha West Garo Hills (Garobadha) katba ki jylla Punjab, Haryana, UP bad kiwei ki don da ki hajar tylli. Kine ki APMC jong ki jylla pat ki shaniah ha ki ïew ba ki khot ki Mandi ha kiba ki nongrep ki lah ban wan die ïa ki mar rep jong ki. Ka jingtreikam jong kine ki Mandi ruh kam dei kaba shida namarba ki don ki dalal (middlemen) kiba don bynta ha kine. Kumta ki nongrep bunsien kim lah ban ïoh ïa ka dor MSP namar ki hap ban ïaid lyngba kine ki dalal. Wat la kata ruh, ka jingdon jong kine ki Mandi ba la ithuh da ki APMC ka ai jingkyrmen bad jingkyrshan ïa ki nongrep ha la ki jong ki bynta.

Ki nongrep ki sheptieng ba kine ki aiñ thymmai kin pynduh noh syndon ïa kine ki APMC bad ki Mandi (ïew) jong ki da kaba plié lad ïa ki riew shimet bad ki company ban rung bad shim kabu ha ka jingïadie-ïathied ïa ki mar-rep. Kane ka jingsheptieng jong ki ka don la ka nongrim lada ngi peit ïa kaei kaba la jia ha ka jylla Bihar. Ha u snem 2006, ka sorkar jylla jong ka Bihar ka la pynduh noh ïa ki APMC da ka jingthmu ban pynmyntoi ïa ki nongrep. Kat ha u snem 2016 ka Bihar ka dang don kumba 9000 tylli ki Mandi hynrei mynta u snem 2020 pat ki don sa tang 1619 tylli. Haba ki Mandi kim don shuh, shaei u nongrep un leit die ïa ki mar-rep jong u ha ka dor kaba biang? U shu hap ban die tad ïa la ki mar ha ka dor ba ki nongthied ki ai! Haba kumta, ka MSP kam don jingmut shuh bad ka kylla long na ka dor tynrai sha ka dor ka baheh duh! Bad haba ki Mandi kim don shuh, ka jingthied bad jinglum ka sorkar jylla ïa ki marbam na ki ka la hiar slam! Mynta, kumba 80 na ka shispah jong u khaw ba sam lyngba ka PDS ha Bihar ka wan lyngba ka jingthied shallan ka jylla na kiwei pat ki jylla.

Sa kawei ka bynta kaba ngi hap ban peit ka dei ba ki nongthied ki don la ka jong ka jingmut bad jingthmu ban thied ïa ki mar rep. Kum ka nuksa, mynta, u nongshna biskit bad kiwei ki jait jingbam u ïoh jingmyntoi shibun lada ka dor jong u kew bad u khaw ki hiar namarba u lah ban thied ïa kine ha ka dor kaba tad bad jymma ïa ki namar kine ki aiñ thymmai ki la pynjynsur ïa u pud ban thied bad jymma ïa ki. Sa kawei ka nuksa ka long ba ki nongshallan ïa ki mar rep shabar ri ne shabar jylla ruh ki lah ban shim kabu ïa kane ka jingpynjynsur ïa u pud ban jymma ïa ki marbam. Bad haba ki riew shimet bad ki company ki ïoh lad ban leh kumne, hato ka sorkar ka lah ne em ban ïaleh bad ki ha kaban thied mar na ki nongrep? Namarkatta, khlem ka jingdon kine ki Mandi bad ki APMC, ka sorkar kan shem jynjar ban thied ïa ki marbam na ki nongrep ha ka dor jong ka MSP. Haba ka sorkar kam lah ban thied marbam bad ki mar ba donkam ban pynbiang ïa ka buffer stock jong ka, kane kan wanrah ïa ka jingkulmar ha ïew ha hat ka ban ktah ïa ka skhim PDS namarba ka sorkar ka hap ban sei noh ïa ka buffer stock jong ka.  Haba ka sorkar ka pyndonkam ïa ka buffer stock jong ka, ka pynduna noh ïa ka jingdon jong ka bad haba ka buffer stock kaduna, ka bor jong ka sorkar ban kabu ïa ka dor ïew jong ki marbam ruh ka duna noh. Bad lada ka jingthied na ka sorkar ka nang duna, kam lah shuh ban kyrshan ïa ka skhim PDS kaba ki 900 millian ngut ki nongshong shnong ka ri ki shaniah.

Ïa mynta, lehse, ngi shu mut ba kane ka jingïakhih ki nongrep kam don jingmut ne jingktah ïa ngi kiba don ha kane ka jylla Meghalaya. Hooid, lada ngi peit, kiba bun hi ki nongrep kiba mih ban leit sha nongbah Delhi ban pyrshah ïa kine ki aiñ thymmai ki dei na ki jylla Punjab, Haryana bad Uttar Pradesh. Tangba, kiwei pat ki nongrep na kiwei pat ki jylla kum ka Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Bihar bad kiwei ki la sdang mih ban kyrshan ïa ki. Hapdeng ka jingkynnoh ba bun jait (don na ka liang ka sorkar kiba kynnoh ba kine ki dei ki lehnoh bad kiba la kyrshan da ka China bad Pakistan), kine ki nongrep ki la ïaineh ha ka jingïakhih jong ki. Kawei kaba ngi dei ban kynmaw ka long ba kine ki nongrep ki ïeng pyrshah ym tang ïa kine ki aiñ bathymmai, hynrei ki ïeng pyrshah ïa kaei kaei ka rukom pynïaid – la ka dei na ka liang ka sorkar ne ki riew shimet ne company – kaba ktah ïa ka jingim jong ki million ngut ki nongshong shnong kaba lah ban buh ïa ki ha ka jingma jong ka jingshah thngan bad ka jingkiew dor jong ki marbam bad ki mar ba donkam eh. Kane ka jingïakhih kam dei tang jong ki nongrep, hynrei ka dei ka mat kaba ktah ïa ngi baroh. Hato, ha kano ka liang ngi ïeng mynta?